Sådan får du hardwareoplysninger med Dmidecode Command på Linux
I denne artikel ser vi, hvordan vi kan bruge Dmidecode-kommandoen til at hente hardwareoplysninger for ethvert Linux-system. Antag, at hvis vi vil opgradere et system, er vi nødt til at indsamle information som hukommelse, BIOS og CPU osv. Ved hjælp af Dmidecode-kommandoen vil vi lære detaljerne at kende uden at åbne systemchasis. Dmidecode-kommandoen fungerer for RHEL/CentOS/Fedora/Ubuntu Linux.
Dmidecode-værktøjet læser DMI-tabellen (nogle siger SMBIOS) for at hente data og viser nyttige systeminformationer som hardwareoplysninger, serienumre og BIOS-version, processor osv. I menneskeligt læsbart format. Du har muligvis brug for root priviledge for at udføre dmidecode-kommandoen.
1. Grundlæggende output af Demidecode
Nedenfor er Demidecode kommandoeksempeloutput.
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
45 structures occupying 1642 bytes.
Table at 0x000E0010.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
Version: 6.00
Release Date: 12/06/2006
Address: 0xE78A0
Runtime Size: 100192 bytes
ROM Size: 64 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
PNP is supported
APM is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
USB legacy is supported
Smart battery is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported2. Sådan får du DMI-typer
DMI Id giver os specifikke hardwareoplysninger om systemet. Dmidecode med optionerne '-t' eller '–type' og 'Id' giver os den nøjagtige infromation. Id 6 giver os hukommelsesmoduloplysninger.
dmidecode -t 6
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0009, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #0
Bank Connections: 0 1
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: EDO DIMM
Installed Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Enabled Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x000A, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #1
Bank Connections: 2 3
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: EDO DIMM
Installed Size: Not Installed
Enabled Size: Not Installed
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x000B, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #2
Bank Connections: 4 5
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: EDO DIMM
Installed Size: Not Installed
Enabled Size: Not Installed
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x000C, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #3
Bank Connections: 6 7
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: EDO DIMM
Installed Size: Not Installed
Enabled Size: Not Installed
Error Status: OKFølgende er oplysninger om DMI-typer.
Type Information
----------------------------------------
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply
I stedet for at gå med 'type_id' kan du også bruge nøgleord med '-t' argument til kommandoen dmidecode. Følgende er listen over tilgængelige nøgleord.
Keyword Types
------------------------------
bios 0, 13
system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32
baseboard 2, 10
chassis 3
processor 4
memory 5, 6, 16, 17
cache 7
connector 8
slot 9For eksempel for at få Cache-oplysningerne på systemet kan du udføre kommandoen nedenfor i stedet for Id 7.
dmidecode -t cache
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x000D, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L1 Cache
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 16 kB
Maximum Size: 16 kB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown
Handle 0x000E, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L2 Cache
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 2
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: External
Installed Size: 0 kB
Maximum Size: 512 kB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: None
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown3. Sådan får du hukommelsesoplysninger
Hvordan får jeg hukommelsesoplysninger om systemet, og hvor meget hukommelse understøttes af systemet? Følgende kommando viser, at systemet kan understøtte maksimalt 4 GB RAM.
dmidecode -t 16
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x001D, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 4 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 4Bemærk: Fra nøgleordslisten er de hukommelsesrelaterede informations-id'er 5, 6, 16 og 17.
4. Hvordan får jeg BIOS-oplysninger?
For at få BIOS-oplysningerne til systemet skal du køre følgende kommando med '-t' mulighed.
dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3).
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
Version: 6.00
Release Date: 12/06/2006
Address: 0xE78A0
Runtime Size: 100192 bytes
ROM Size: 64 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
PNP is supported
APM is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
USB legacy is supported
Smart battery is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported5. Hvordan får jeg producent, model og serienummer?
For at få oplysninger om systemets producent, model og serienummer skal du bruge følgende kommando som vist nedenfor.
dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: LENOVO
Product Name: 9637C76
Version: ThinkCentre M55e
Serial Number: L9BT188
UUID: 8015D37A-2F82-DC11-A3FB-8C6E4EBAD5CE
Wake-up Type: AC Power Restored
SKU Number: Not Specified
Family: Not Specified
Handle 0x000F, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
Option 1: Jumper settings can be described here.
Handle 0x0010, DMI type 15, 29 bytes
System Event Log
Area Length: 432 bytes
Header Start Offset: 0x0000
Header Length: 16 bytes
Data Start Offset: 0x0010
Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions
Access Address: 0x0000
Status: Valid, Not Full
Change Token: 0x0000001A
Header Format: Type 1
Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3
Descriptor 1: POST error
Data Format 1: POST results bitmap
Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error
Data Format 2: Multiple-event
Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error
Data Format 3: Multiple-event
Handle 0x0017, DMI type 23, 13 bytes
System Reset
Status: Enabled
Watchdog Timer: Present
Boot Option: Do Not Reboot
Boot Option On Limit: Do Not Reboot
Reset Count: Unknown
Reset Limit: Unknown
Timer Interval: Unknown
Timeout: Unknown
Handle 0x001F, DMI type 32, 20 bytes
System Boot Information
Status:Kør 'man dmidecode' fra terminal eller kommandoprompt for at vide mere om dmidecode.