45 Zypper-kommandoer til styring af Suse Linux-pakkehåndtering
SUSE (Software og system Entwicklung (Tyskland) betyder software og systemudvikling, på engelsk) Linux ligger oven på Linux Kernel bragt af Novell. SUSE kommer i to pakker. En af dem kaldes OpenSUSE, som er frit tilgængelig (gratis som i tale såvel som gratis som i vin). Det er et community-driven projekt fyldt med nyeste applikationsunderstøttelse, den seneste stabile udgivelse af OpenSUSE Linux er 13.2.
Den anden er SUSE Linux Enterprise, som er en kommerciel Linux-distribution designet specielt til virksomhed og produktion. SUSE Linux Enterprise-udgave leveres med en række Enterprise-applikationer og funktioner, der er velegnede til produktionsmiljø, den seneste stabile udgivelse af SUSE Linux Enterprise Edition er 12.
Du kan muligvis tjekke den detaljerede installationsvejledning til SUSE Linux Enterprise Server på:
- Installation af SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12
Zypper og YaST er Package Manager til SUSE Linux, som fungerer oven på RPM.
YaST, som står for endnu et installationsværktøj, er et værktøj, der fungerer på OpenSUSE og SUSE Enterprise-udgaven til at administrere, opsætte og konfigurere SUSE Linux.
Zypper er kommandolinjegrænsefladen til ZYpp-pakkehåndtering til installation, fjernelse og opdatering af SUSE. ZYpp er pakkehåndteringsmotoren, der driver både Zypper og YaST.
Her i denne artikel vil vi se Zypper i aktion, som installerer, opdaterer, fjerner og gør alle andre ting, som en pakkehåndtering kan gøre. Nu sker det…
Vigtigt: Husk, at alle disse kommandoer er beregnet til ændringer i hele systemet, og derfor skal de køres som root, ellers mislykkes kommandoen.
Få grundlæggende hjælp til Zypper
1. Kør zypper uden mulighed, giver dig en liste over alle globale muligheder og kommandoer.
# zypper Usage: zypper [--global-options]
2. Kør nedenstående kommandoer for at få hjælp til en bestemt kommando ved at sige 'in' (installation).
# zypper help in
OR
# zypper help install
install (in) [options] <capability|rpm_file_uri> ...
Install packages with specified capabilities or RPM files with specified
location. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP], where OP is one
of <, <=, =, >=, >.
Command options:
--from <alias|#|URI> Select packages from the specified repository.
-r, --repo <alias|#|URI> Load only the specified repository.
-t, --type Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product, srcpackage).
Default: package.
-n, --name Select packages by plain name, not by capability.
-C, --capability Select packages by capability.
-f, --force Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall),
downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
--oldpackage Allow to replace a newer item with an older one.
Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force
it will not enforce a reinstall.
--replacefiles Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
already installed, packages. Default is to treat file conflicts
as an error. --download-as-needed disables the fileconflict check.
......
3. Søg efter en pakke (sig gnome-desktop) inden installation.
# zypper se gnome-desktop Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ......................................................... [done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' metadata ..............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' cache ...................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' metadata ...........................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' cache ................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' metadata ...................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' cache ........................................................[done] Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------- | gnome-desktop2-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop2 | package | gnome-desktop2 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Common data files | package | gnome-desktop-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop | package | gnome-desktop-sharp2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop-sharp2 | package | gnome-desktop2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop2 | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package | gnome-desktop-sharp2 | Mono bindings for libgnome-desktop | package | libgnome-desktop-2-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package | gnome-desktop-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | gnome-desktop | The GNOME Desktop API Library | srcpackage
4. Få oplysninger om en mønsterpakke (sig lamp_server) ved hjælp af følgende kommando.
# zypper info -t pattern lamp_server Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Information for pattern lamp_server: ------------------------------------ Repository: openSUSE-13.2-Update Name: lamp_server Version: 20141007-5.1 Arch: x86_64 Vendor: openSUSE Installed: No Visible to User: Yes Summary: Web and LAMP Server Description: Software to set up a Web server that is able to serve static, dynamic, and interactive content (like a Web shop). This includes Apache HTTP Server, the database management system MySQL, and scripting languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Perl. Contents: S | Name | Type | Dependency --+-------------------------------+---------+----------- | apache2-mod_php5 | package | | php5-iconv | package | i | patterns-openSUSE-base | package | i | apache2-prefork | package | | php5-dom | package | | php5-mysql | package | i | apache2 | package | | apache2-example-pages | package | | mariadb | package | | apache2-mod_perl | package | | php5-ctype | package | | apache2-doc | package | | yast2-http-server | package | | patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |
5. Kør nedenstående kommando for at åbne zypper shell-session.
# zypper shell OR # zypper sh zypper> help Usage: zypper [--global-options]
Bemærk: På Zypper shell skal du skrive 'hjælp' for at få en liste over globale muligheder og kommandoer.
Zypper Repository Management
6. Brug zypper repos eller zypper lr kommandoer til at liste alle de definerede repositories.
# zypper repos OR # zypper lr | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
7. Angiv zypper URI på bordet.
# zypper lr -u # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | cd:///?devices=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2/ 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2-non-oss/ 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/non-oss/ 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2/ 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/
8. Angiv prioriterede arkiver og listen efter prioriteter.
# zypper lr -P # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | Priority --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | 99 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | 99 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | 99 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | 99 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 85 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | 99 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | 99 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
9. Brug kommandoer zypper opdatering eller zypper ref til at opdatere zypper arkiver.
# zypper refresh OR # zypper ref Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date. All repositories have been refreshed.
10. For at opdatere et specifikt lager siger du 'repo-non-oss', skriv:
# zypper refresh repo-non-oss Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date. Specified repositories have been refreshed.
11. For at tvinge opdatering af et lager siger "repo-non-oss", skriv:
# zypper ref -f repo-non-oss Forcing raw metadata refresh Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ............................................................[done] Forcing building of repository cache Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ............................................................[done] Specified repositories have been refreshed.
Her bruger vi 'zypper modifyrepo' eller 'zypper mr' kommandoer til at deaktivere, aktivere zypper repositories.
12. Før du deaktiverer lager, skal du vide, at i Zypper har hvert arkiv sit eget unikke nummer, der bruges til at deaktivere eller aktivere et lager.
Lad os sige, at du vil deaktivere repository 'repo-oss', for først at deaktivere skal du bruge dens nummer ved at skrive følgende kommando.
# zypper lr # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | No | Yes 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
Ser du i ovenstående output, at lageret 'repo-oss' med nummer 6, for at deaktivere dette skal du angive nummer 6 sammen med følgende kommando.
# zypper mr -d 6 Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.
13. For at aktivere igen samme lager 'repo-oss', som vises på nummer 6 (som vist i ovenstående eksempel).
# zypper mr -e 6 Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.
14. Aktiver automatisk opdatering og rpm-fil 'caching' for en repo, siger 'repo-non-oss', og indstil dens prioritet til at sige 85.
# zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss Repository 'repo-non-oss' priority has been left unchanged (85) Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
15. Deaktiver cpm-cache for omdrejningstal for alle arkiver.
# zypper mr -Ka RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
16. Aktiver cpm for cpm-fil for alle arkiver.
# zypper mr -ka RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
17. Deaktiver cpm-cache for omdrejningstal for fjernopbevaringssteder.
# zypper mr -Kt RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
18. Aktivér cpm-cache for omdrejningstal for fjernopbevaringssteder.
# zypper mr -kt RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
Du kan bruge en af de to kommandoer - 'zypper addrepo' eller 'zypper ar'. Du kan bruge repo url eller alias til at tilføje Repository.
19. Tilføj et lager, sig "http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/".
# zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update Adding repository 'update' .............................................................................................................................................................[done] Repository 'update' successfully added Enabled : Yes Autorefresh : No GPG check : Yes URI : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/
20. Omdøb et arkiv. Det vil kun ændre aliaset. Du kan bruge kommandoen 'zypper namerepo' eller 'zypper nr'. For at omdøbe aka ændre alias for en repo, der vises på nummer 10 (zypper lr) til upd8, skal du køre nedenstående kommando.
# zypper nr 10 upd8 Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.
21. Fjern et lager. Det fjerner lageret fra systemet. Du kan bruge kommandoen 'zypper removerepo' eller 'zypper rr'. For at fjerne en repo siger 'upd8', kør kommandoen nedenfor.
# zypper rr upd8 # Removing repository 'upd8' .........................................................................................[done] Repository 'upd8' has been removed.
Pakkehåndtering ved hjælp af Zypper
22. Med Zypper kan vi installere pakker baseret på kapacitetsnavn. For eksempel at installere en pakke (f.eks. Mozilla Firefox) ved hjælp af kapacitetsnavn.
# zypper in MozillaFirefox Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 128 NEW packages are going to be installed: adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-atk-common at-spi2-atk-gtk2 at-spi2-core cantarell-fonts cups-libs desktop-file-utils fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders gstreamer gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer-plugins-base gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese gtk2-metatheme-adwaita gtk2-theming-engine-adwaita gtk2-tools gtk3-data gtk3-metatheme-adwaita gtk3-tools hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE libasound2 libatk-1_0-0 libatk-bridge-2_0-0 libatspi0 libcairo2 libcairo-gobject2 libcanberra0 libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk2-module libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-gtk-module-common libcdda_interface0 libcdda_paranoia0 libcolord2 libdrm2 libdrm_intel1 libdrm_nouveau2 libdrm_radeon1 libFLAC8 libfreebl3 libgbm1 libgdk_pixbuf-2_0-0 libgraphite2-3 libgstapp-1_0-0 libgstaudio-1_0-0 libgstpbutils-1_0-0 libgstreamer-1_0-0 libgstriff-1_0-0 libgsttag-1_0-0 libgstvideo-1_0-0 libgthread-2_0-0 libgtk-2_0-0 libgtk-3-0 libharfbuzz0 libjasper1 libjbig2 libjpeg8 libjson-c2 liblcms2-2 libLLVM libltdl7 libnsssharedhelper0 libogg0 liborc-0_4-0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpango-1_0-0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpulse0 libsndfile1 libsoftokn3 libspeex1 libsqlite3-0 libstartup-notification-1-0 libtheoradec1 libtheoraenc1 libtiff5 libvisual libvorbis0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-server0 libX11-xcb1 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xfixes0 libXcomposite1 libXcursor1 libXdamage1 libXevie1 libXfixes3 libXft2 libXi6 libXinerama1 libxkbcommon-0_4_3 libXrandr2 libXrender1 libxshmfence1 libXtst6 libXv1 libXxf86vm1 Mesa Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL1 Mesa-libglapi0 metatheme-adwaita-common MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE mozilla-nss mozilla-nss-certs PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin pango-tools sound-theme-freedesktop The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected: gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese libcanberra0 libpulse0 PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin 128 new packages to install. Overall download size: 77.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 200.0 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch (1/128), 74.1 KiB (115.6 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch.rpm .........................................................................................................................[done (63.4 KiB/s)] Retrieving package hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch (2/128), 40.1 KiB ( 50.5 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch.rpm ...................................................................................................................................[done] Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked)
23. Installer en pakke (f.eks. Gcc) ved hjælp af version.
# zypper in 'gcc<5.1' Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
24. Installer en pakke (f.eks. Gcc) til arkitektur (f.eks. I586).
# zypper in gcc.i586 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64 (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm .......................................................................................................................[done (79.2 KiB/s)] Retrieving package libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64 (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)]
25. Installer en pakke (f.eks. Gcc) til specifik arkitektur (f.eks. I586) og specifik version (sig <5.1),
# zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1' Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.4 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y In cache libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked) In cache libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked) In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (3/13), 41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked)
26. Installer en pakke (f.eks. Libxine) fra arkivet (amarok).
# zypper in amarok upd:libxine1 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 202 NEW packages are going to be installed: amarok bundle-lang-kde-en clamz cups-libs enscript fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders ghostscript-fonts-std gptfdisk gstreamer gstreamer-plugins-base hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE htdig hunspell hunspell-tools icoutils ispell ispell-american kde4-filesystem kdebase4-runtime kdebase4-runtime-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4 kdelibs4-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4-core kdialog libakonadi4 l .....
27. Installer en pakke (sig git) ved hjælp af navn (-n).
# zypper in -n git Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 35 NEW packages are going to be installed: cvs cvsps fontconfig git git-core git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web libserf-1-1 libsqlite3-0 libXft2 libXrender1 libXss1 perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-DBD-SQLite perl-DBI perl-Error perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Params-Util perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement perl-Term-ReadKey subversion subversion-perl tcl tk xhost The following 13 recommended packages were automatically selected: git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement The following package is suggested, but will not be installed: git-daemon 35 new packages to install. Overall download size: 15.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 56.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
28. Installer en pakke ved hjælp af jokertegn. Installer f.eks. Alle php5-pakker.
# zypper in php5*
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
Problem: php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64 requires smtp_daemon, but this requirement cannot be provided
uninstallable providers: exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.i586[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.i586[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.i586[repo-update]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.x86_64[repo-update]
Solution 1: Following actions will be done:
do not install php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64
do not install php5-pear-Auth_SASL-1.0.6-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Http-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Image-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Kolab_Format-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Ldap-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Memcache-2.0.1-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Mime-2.0.2-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Oauth-2.0.0-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Pdf-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
....
29. Installer en pakke (sig lamp_server) ved hjælp af mønster (gruppe af pakker).
# zypper in -t pattern lamp_server ading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 29 NEW packages are going to be installed: apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server perl-Data-Dump perl-Encode-Locale perl-File-Listing perl-HTML-Parser perl-HTML-Tagset perl-HTTP-Cookies perl-HTTP-Daemon perl-HTTP-Date perl-HTTP-Message perl-HTTP-Negotiate perl-IO-HTML perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-libwww-perl perl-Linux-Pid perl-LWP-MediaTypes perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-Net-HTTP perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Tie-IxHash perl-TimeDate perl-URI perl-WWW-RobotRules yast2-http-server The following NEW pattern is going to be installed: lamp_server The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected: apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork perl-Data-Dump perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-TimeDate yast2-http-server 29 new packages to install. Overall download size: 7.2 MiB. Already cached: 1.2 MiB After the operation, additional 34.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
30. Installer en pakke (sig nano), og fjern en pakke (sig vi) på én gang.
# zypper in nano -vi Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... '-vi' not found in package names. Trying capabilities. Resolving package dependencies... The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed: nano nano-lang The following package is going to be REMOVED: vim The following recommended package was automatically selected: nano-lang 2 new packages to install, 1 to remove. Overall download size: 550.0 KiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, 463.3 KiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ...
31. Installer en rpm-pakke (sig teamviewer).
# zypper in teamviewer*.rpm Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 24 NEW packages are going to be installed: alsa-oss-32bit fontconfig-32bit libasound2-32bit libexpat1-32bit libfreetype6-32bit libgcc_s1-gcc49-32bit libICE6-32bit libjpeg62-32bit libpng12-0-32bit libpng16-16-32bit libSM6-32bit libuuid1-32bit libX11-6-32bit libXau6-32bit libxcb1-32bit libXdamage1-32bit libXext6-32bit libXfixes3-32bit libXinerama1-32bit libXrandr2-32bit libXrender1-32bit libXtst6-32bit libz1-32bit teamviewer The following recommended package was automatically selected: alsa-oss-32bit 24 new packages to install. Overall download size: 41.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 119.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ..
32. For at fjerne en pakke kan du bruge kommandoerne 'zypper remove' eller 'zypper rm'. Hvis du f.eks. Vil fjerne en pakke (f.eks. Apache2), skal du køre:
# zypper remove apache2 Or # zypper rm apache2 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 2 packages are going to be REMOVED: apache2 apache2-prefork 2 packages to remove. After the operation, 4.2 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y (1/2) Removing apache2-2.4.10-19.1 ........................................................................[done] (2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done]
33. Opdater alle pakker. Du kan bruge kommandoer 'zypper-opdatering' eller 'zypper op'.
# zypper up OR # zypper update Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Nothing to do.
34. Opdater specifikke pakker (sig apache2 og openssh).
# zypper up apache2 openssh Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... No update candidate for 'apache2-2.4.10-19.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. No update candidate for 'openssh-6.6p1-5.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
35. Installer en pakke siger (mariadb) hvis den ikke er installeret, hvis den er installeret, skal du opdatere den.
# zypper in mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
Du kan bruge kommandoerne 'zypper source-install' eller 'zypper si' til at oprette pakker fra kilden.
36. Installer kildepakker og opret deres afhængighed af en pakke (siger mariadb).
# zypper si mariadb Reading installed packages... Loading repository data... Resolving package dependencies... The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed: autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel The following source package is going to be installed: mariadb 36 new packages to install, 1 source package. Overall download size: 71.5 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 183.9 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
37. Installer kun kilden til en pakke (sig mariadb).
# zypper in -D mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
38. Installer kun buildafhængighederne for en pakke (f.eks. Mariadb).
# zypper si -d mariadb Reading installed packages... Loading repository data... Resolving package dependencies... The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed: autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel The following package is recommended, but will not be installed due to conflicts or dependency issues: readline-doc 36 new packages to install. Overall download size: 33.7 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 144.3 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
39. Installer en pakke (sig mariadb) uden brugerens interaktion.
# zypper --non-interactive in mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
40. Fjern en pakke (siger mariadb) uden brugerens interaktion.
# zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following package is going to be REMOVED: mariadb 1 package to remove. After the operation, 71.8 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y (1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done]
41. Output zypper i xml.
# zypper --xmlout Usage: zypper [--global-options] <command> [--command-options] [arguments] Global Options ....
42. Generer stille output ved installationen.
# zypper --quiet in mariadb The following NEW package is going to be installed: mariadb 1 new package to install. Overall download size: 0 B. Already cached: 7.8 MiB After the operation, additional 71.8 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ...
43. Generer stille output ved FN-installation.
# zypper --quiet rm mariadb
44. Auto accepterer licenser/aftaler.
# zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
45. Hvis du kun vil rense zypper-cache, kan du bruge følgende kommando.
# zypper clean All repositories have been cleaned up.
Hvis du vil rense metadata og pakke cache på én gang, kan du måske videregive –all/-a med zypper som.
# zypper clean -a All repositories have been cleaned up.
46. For at se logfiler for alle installerede, opdaterede eller fjernede pakker via zypper, er logget på/var/log/zypp/history. Du kan katte den for at se eller bruge filter til at få en brugerdefineret output.
# cat /var/log/zypp/history 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|boost-license1_54_0|1.54.0-10.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|0523b909d2aae5239f9841316dafaf3a37b4f096| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|branding-openSUSE|13.2-3.6.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6609def94b1987bf3f90a9467f4f7ab8f8d98a5c| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|bundle-lang-common-en|13.2-3.3.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|ca55694e6fdebee6ce37ac7cf3725e2aa6edc342| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|insserv-compat|0.1-12.2.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6160de7fbf961a279591a83a1550093a581214d9| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libX11-data|1.6.2-5.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|f1cb58364ba9016c1f93b1a383ba12463c56885a| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libnl-config|3.2.25-2.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|aab2ded312a781e93b739b418e3d32fe4e187020| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|wireless-regdb|2014.06.13-1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|be8cb16f3e92af12b5ceb977e37e13f03c007bd1| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-en_US|3.1.0-2.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|1865754e5e0ec3c149ac850b340bcca55a3c404d| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-stats|2.19.0-16.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|b107d2b3e702835885b57b04d12d25539f262d1a| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|cracklib-dict-full|2.8.12-64.1.2|x86_64||openSUSE-13.2-0|08bd45dbba7ad44e3a4837f730be76f55ad5dcfa| ......
47. Du kan bruge 'dist-upgrade' med zypper-kommandoen til at opgradere din nuværende Suse Linux til den nyeste version.
# zypper dist-upgrade You are about to do a distribution upgrade with all enabled repositories. Make sure these repositories are compatible before you continue. See 'man zypper' for more information about this command. Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' cache .....................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ..........................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
Det er alt for nu. Håber, at denne artikel kan hjælpe dig med at administrere dit SUSE-system og server specielt til nybegyndere. Hvis du føler, at jeg har efterladt visse kommandoer (Human er fejlagtige), kan du give os feedback i kommentarerne, så vi kan opdatere artiklen. Hold forbindelsen, fortsæt med at kommentere, hold dig opdateret. Kudos!